是python中如何用模块发邮件

Python中如何用模块发邮件、用smtplib模块、设置SMTP服务器、使用MIMEText创建邮件内容、发送邮件并处理异常。

在Python中发送邮件可以通过内置的smtplib模块来实现。首先需要设置SMTP服务器，然后使用MIMEText创建邮件内容，接着发送邮件并处理可能出现的异常。下面将详细介绍这些步骤。

一、用smtplib模块

smtplib是Python内置的模块，用于定义一个SMTP客户端会话对象，通过它可以向邮件服务器发送邮件。要使用smtplib发送邮件，首先需要导入该模块。

import smtplib

二、设置SMTP服务器

在使用smtplib之前，需要确定使用哪个SMTP服务器。不同的邮件服务提供商有不同的SMTP服务器地址和端口。以Gmail为例：

SMTP服务器地址：smtp.gmail.com
SMTP端口：587（TLS）或465（SSL）

smtp_server = 'smtp.gmail.com'
port = 587  # For starttls
sender_email = 'your_email@gmail.com'
password = 'your_password'

三、使用MIMEText创建邮件内容

为了创建邮件内容，可以使用email.mime.text模块中的MIMEText类。它允许你创建包含文本内容的邮件。

from email.mime.text import MIMEText
Create the plain-text message
subject = 'Test Email'
body = 'This is a test email sent from Python.'
msg = MIMEText(body, 'plain')
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = sender_email
msg['To'] = 'recipient_email@example.com'

四、发送邮件并处理异常

接下来，使用smtplib.SMTP对象连接到SMTP服务器，登录并发送邮件。使用try...except块来处理可能出现的异常。

try:
    # Connect to the server
    server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, port)
    server.ehlo()  # Can be omitted
    server.starttls(context=ssl.create_default_context())  # Secure the connection
    # Log in to the server
    server.login(sender_email, password)
    # Send the email
    server.sendmail(sender_email, 'recipient_email@example.com', msg.as_string())
    print('Email sent successfully!')
except Exception as e:
    print(f'Error: {e}')
finally:
    server.quit()

五、处理不同的邮件内容类型

除了简单的文本邮件，你还可以发送HTML格式的邮件，或附件。使用email.mime.multipart模块中的MIMEMultipart类可以创建包含多个部分的邮件，如文本和HTML内容的组合。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = sender_email
msg['To'] = 'recipient_email@example.com'
Create the plain-text and HTML version of your message
text = 'This is a test email sent from Python.'
html = """\
<html>
  <body>
    <p>This is a test email sent from <b>Python</b>.</p>
  </body>
</html>
"""
Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html
part1 = MIMEText(text, 'plain')
part2 = MIMEText(html, 'html')
Attach parts into message container.
According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case
the HTML message, is best and preferred.
msg.attach(part1)
msg.attach(part2)

六、发送带附件的邮件

发送带附件的邮件需要使用email.mime.base中的MIMEBase和email.encoders中的encode_base64。

from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
Create a multipart message and set headers
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = sender_email
msg['To'] = 'recipient_email@example.com'
msg['Subject'] = subject
Add body to email
msg.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain'))
filename = 'document.pdf'  # In the same directory as script
Open PDF file in binary mode
with open(filename, 'rb') as attachment:
    # Add file as application/octet-stream
    # Email client can usually download this automatically as attachment
    part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
    part.set_payload(attachment.read())
Encode file in ASCII characters to send by email    
encoders.encode_base64(part)
Add header as key/value pair to attachment part
part.add_header(
    'Content-Disposition',
    f'attachment; filename= {filename}',
)
Add attachment to message and convert message to string
msg.attach(part)
text = msg.as_string()
Log in to server using secure context and send email
try:
    server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, port)
    server.ehlo()
    server.starttls(context=ssl.create_default_context())
    server.login(sender_email, password)
    server.sendmail(sender_email, 'recipient_email@example.com', text)
    print('Email with attachment sent successfully!')
except Exception as e:
    print(f'Error: {e}')
finally:
    server.quit()