
Java通过USB通信可以利用JDK提供的javax.usb包、第三方库如usb4java、JUSB等,具体步骤包括识别USB设备、打开通信端口、发送和接收数据。
其中,利用usb4java库进行USB通信是一个较为详细且可靠的方法。usb4java是一个开放源码的Java API,用于访问USB设备,支持不同操作系统,并且提供了丰富的功能。以下是利用usb4java进行USB通信的详细步骤。
一、安装和配置usb4java库
- 引入usb4java库:首先,需要在项目中引入usb4java库,可以通过Maven或直接下载jar包。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.usb4java</groupId>
<artifactId>usb4java</artifactId>
<version>1.3.0</version>
</dependency>
-
配置本地环境:usb4java依赖于本地的libusb库,因此需要在系统中安装libusb。对于不同的操作系统,其安装方法各异:
- Windows:可以从libusb官网下载安装包,然后解压并配置环境变量。
- Linux:通常可以通过包管理器安装,例如在Debian系系统上执行
sudo apt-get install libusb-1.0-0-dev。 - MacOS:可以通过Homebrew安装,执行
brew install libusb。
二、识别和连接USB设备
- 初始化LibUsb:在进行任何USB通信之前,需要初始化LibUsb库。
import org.usb4java.LibUsb;
import org.usb4java.Context;
public class UsbCommunication {
private Context context;
public UsbCommunication() {
context = new Context();
int result = LibUsb.init(context);
if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to initialize libusb: " + LibUsb.strError(result));
}
}
public void close() {
LibUsb.exit(context);
}
}
- 获取USB设备列表:初始化完成后,可以获取系统中所有的USB设备。
import org.usb4java.DeviceList;
import org.usb4java.Device;
public class UsbCommunication {
// ... previous code ...
public DeviceList getUsbDevices() {
DeviceList list = new DeviceList();
int result = LibUsb.getDeviceList(context, list);
if (result < 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to get device list: " + LibUsb.strError(result));
}
return list;
}
}
- 识别目标设备:通过遍历设备列表,识别出目标设备。可以通过设备的VID(Vendor ID)和PID(Product ID)进行识别。
import org.usb4java.DeviceDescriptor;
public class UsbCommunication {
// ... previous code ...
public Device findDevice(short vendorId, short productId) {
DeviceList list = getUsbDevices();
try {
for (Device device : list) {
DeviceDescriptor descriptor = new DeviceDescriptor();
int result = LibUsb.getDeviceDescriptor(device, descriptor);
if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {
continue;
}
if (descriptor.idVendor() == vendorId && descriptor.idProduct() == productId) {
return device;
}
}
} finally {
LibUsb.freeDeviceList(list, true);
}
return null;
}
}
三、打开通信端口
- 打开设备:在识别到目标设备后,打开设备以进行通信。
import org.usb4java.DeviceHandle;
public class UsbCommunication {
// ... previous code ...
public DeviceHandle openDevice(Device device) {
DeviceHandle handle = new DeviceHandle();
int result = LibUsb.open(device, handle);
if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to open USB device: " + LibUsb.strError(result));
}
return handle;
}
}
- 设置配置和接口:打开设备后,通常需要设置配置和接口。
public class UsbCommunication {
// ... previous code ...
public void configureDevice(DeviceHandle handle, int configId, int interfaceNumber) {
int result = LibUsb.setConfiguration(handle, configId);
if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to set configuration: " + LibUsb.strError(result));
}
result = LibUsb.claimInterface(handle, interfaceNumber);
if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to claim interface: " + LibUsb.strError(result));
}
}
}
四、发送和接收数据
- 发送数据:通过控制传输、批量传输或中断传输发送数据。
import org.usb4java.LibUsb;
import org.usb4java.BufferUtils;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
public class UsbCommunication {
// ... previous code ...
public int sendData(DeviceHandle handle, byte[] data, int endpoint) {
ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.allocateByteBuffer(data.length);
buffer.put(data);
buffer.rewind();
int transferred = LibUsb.bulkTransfer(handle, (byte) endpoint, buffer, 1000);
if (transferred < 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("Bulk transfer failed: " + LibUsb.strError(transferred));
}
return transferred;
}
}
- 接收数据:同样,通过控制传输、批量传输或中断传输接收数据。
public class UsbCommunication {
// ... previous code ...
public byte[] receiveData(DeviceHandle handle, int endpoint, int size) {
ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.allocateByteBuffer(size);
int transferred = LibUsb.bulkTransfer(handle, (byte) endpoint, buffer, 1000);
if (transferred < 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("Bulk transfer failed: " + LibUsb.strError(transferred));
}
byte[] data = new byte[transferred];
buffer.get(data, 0, transferred);
return data;
}
}
五、关闭设备和释放资源
- 释放接口和关闭设备:完成数据传输后,释放接口并关闭设备。
public class UsbCommunication {
// ... previous code ...
public void releaseDevice(DeviceHandle handle, int interfaceNumber) {
int result = LibUsb.releaseInterface(handle, interfaceNumber);
if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to release interface: " + LibUsb.strError(result));
}
LibUsb.close(handle);
}
}
- 清理资源:在程序结束时,确保清理资源。
public class UsbCommunication {
// ... previous code ...
public void cleanup() {
close();
}
}
六、完整示例
public class UsbCommunication {
private Context context;
public UsbCommunication() {
context = new Context();
int result = LibUsb.init(context);
if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to initialize libusb: " + LibUsb.strError(result));
}
}
public void close() {
LibUsb.exit(context);
}
public DeviceList getUsbDevices() {
DeviceList list = new DeviceList();
int result = LibUsb.getDeviceList(context, list);
if (result < 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to get device list: " + LibUsb.strError(result));
}
return list;
}
public Device findDevice(short vendorId, short productId) {
DeviceList list = getUsbDevices();
try {
for (Device device : list) {
DeviceDescriptor descriptor = new DeviceDescriptor();
int result = LibUsb.getDeviceDescriptor(device, descriptor);
if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {
continue;
}
if (descriptor.idVendor() == vendorId && descriptor.idProduct() == productId) {
return device;
}
}
} finally {
LibUsb.freeDeviceList(list, true);
}
return null;
}
public DeviceHandle openDevice(Device device) {
DeviceHandle handle = new DeviceHandle();
int result = LibUsb.open(device, handle);
if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to open USB device: " + LibUsb.strError(result));
}
return handle;
}
public void configureDevice(DeviceHandle handle, int configId, int interfaceNumber) {
int result = LibUsb.setConfiguration(handle, configId);
if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to set configuration: " + LibUsb.strError(result));
}
result = LibUsb.claimInterface(handle, interfaceNumber);
if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to claim interface: " + LibUsb.strError(result));
}
}
public int sendData(DeviceHandle handle, byte[] data, int endpoint) {
ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.allocateByteBuffer(data.length);
buffer.put(data);
buffer.rewind();
int transferred = LibUsb.bulkTransfer(handle, (byte) endpoint, buffer, 1000);
if (transferred < 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("Bulk transfer failed: " + LibUsb.strError(transferred));
}
return transferred;
}
public byte[] receiveData(DeviceHandle handle, int endpoint, int size) {
ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.allocateByteBuffer(size);
int transferred = LibUsb.bulkTransfer(handle, (byte) endpoint, buffer, 1000);
if (transferred < 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("Bulk transfer failed: " + LibUsb.strError(transferred));
}
byte[] data = new byte[transferred];
buffer.get(data, 0, transferred);
return data;
}
public void releaseDevice(DeviceHandle handle, int interfaceNumber) {
int result = LibUsb.releaseInterface(handle, interfaceNumber);
if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to release interface: " + LibUsb.strError(result));
}
LibUsb.close(handle);
}
public void cleanup() {
close();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
UsbCommunication usbComm = new UsbCommunication();
try {
Device device = usbComm.findDevice((short) 0x1234, (short) 0x5678);
if (device == null) {
System.out.println("Device not found");
return;
}
DeviceHandle handle = usbComm.openDevice(device);
usbComm.configureDevice(handle, 1, 0);
byte[] dataToSend = "Hello USB".getBytes();
int endpointOut = 0x01; // Replace with actual endpoint address
usbComm.sendData(handle, dataToSend, endpointOut);
int endpointIn = 0x81; // Replace with actual endpoint address
byte[] receivedData = usbComm.receiveData(handle, endpointIn, 64);
System.out.println("Received data: " + new String(receivedData));
usbComm.releaseDevice(handle, 0);
} finally {
usbComm.cleanup();
}
}
}
总结
通过上述步骤,可以在Java中利用usb4java库进行USB通信。该方法包括了从识别设备、打开通信端口到发送和接收数据的完整过程。usb4java库提供了丰富的功能,支持多种类型的USB传输,能够满足大部分的USB通信需求。确保在每个步骤中处理错误和释放资源,以避免内存泄露和其他潜在问题。
相关问答FAQs:
1. 如何在Java中使用USB通信?
USB通信是一种常见的硬件设备与计算机之间进行数据传输的方式。要在Java中使用USB通信,您可以使用Java的javax.usb库来实现。首先,您需要安装Java USB驱动程序,并将其添加到您的项目中。然后,您可以使用javax.usb库中的类和方法来与USB设备进行通信。
2. 在Java中,如何连接和识别USB设备?
要连接和识别USB设备,您可以使用Java的javax.usb库中的UsbHostManager类。通过使用UsbHostManager类的getUsbServices()方法,您可以获取USB服务对象。然后,使用UsbServices对象的getRootUsbHub()方法获取根USB集线器,并使用getRootUsbHub()方法的getAttachedUsbDevices()方法来获取连接到计算机的USB设备列表。通过遍历这个列表,您可以识别和连接USB设备。
3. 在Java中,如何发送和接收数据通过USB?
要发送和接收数据通过USB,在Java中,您可以使用javax.usb库中的UsbDevice类和UsbPipe类。首先,您需要获取对特定USB设备的引用。然后,使用UsbDevice对象的getUsbConfigurationList()方法来获取USB设备的配置列表。通过遍历配置列表,并找到包含您要使用的USB接口的配置,您可以获取对该USB接口的引用。接下来,使用UsbInterface对象的getUsbEndpointList()方法来获取USB接口的端点列表。通过遍历端点列表,您可以找到要发送和接收数据的端点。最后,使用UsbPipe类的方法来发送和接收数据。
请注意,Java的javax.usb库提供了许多其他类和方法,可用于更复杂的USB通信需求。您可以根据自己的具体要求进一步研究和使用这些类和方法。
文章包含AI辅助创作,作者:Edit2,如若转载,请注明出处:https://docs.pingcode.com/baike/181730