Java如何通过usb通信

Java如何通过usb通信

Java通过USB通信可以利用JDK提供的javax.usb包、第三方库如usb4java、JUSB等,具体步骤包括识别USB设备、打开通信端口、发送和接收数据。

其中,利用usb4java库进行USB通信是一个较为详细且可靠的方法。usb4java是一个开放源码的Java API,用于访问USB设备,支持不同操作系统,并且提供了丰富的功能。以下是利用usb4java进行USB通信的详细步骤。


一、安装和配置usb4java库

  1. 引入usb4java库:首先,需要在项目中引入usb4java库,可以通过Maven或直接下载jar包。

<dependency>

<groupId>org.usb4java</groupId>

<artifactId>usb4java</artifactId>

<version>1.3.0</version>

</dependency>

  1. 配置本地环境:usb4java依赖于本地的libusb库,因此需要在系统中安装libusb。对于不同的操作系统,其安装方法各异:

    • Windows:可以从libusb官网下载安装包,然后解压并配置环境变量。
    • Linux:通常可以通过包管理器安装,例如在Debian系系统上执行sudo apt-get install libusb-1.0-0-dev
    • MacOS:可以通过Homebrew安装,执行brew install libusb

二、识别和连接USB设备

  1. 初始化LibUsb:在进行任何USB通信之前,需要初始化LibUsb库。

import org.usb4java.LibUsb;

import org.usb4java.Context;

public class UsbCommunication {

private Context context;

public UsbCommunication() {

context = new Context();

int result = LibUsb.init(context);

if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {

throw new RuntimeException("Unable to initialize libusb: " + LibUsb.strError(result));

}

}

public void close() {

LibUsb.exit(context);

}

}

  1. 获取USB设备列表:初始化完成后,可以获取系统中所有的USB设备。

import org.usb4java.DeviceList;

import org.usb4java.Device;

public class UsbCommunication {

// ... previous code ...

public DeviceList getUsbDevices() {

DeviceList list = new DeviceList();

int result = LibUsb.getDeviceList(context, list);

if (result < 0) {

throw new RuntimeException("Unable to get device list: " + LibUsb.strError(result));

}

return list;

}

}

  1. 识别目标设备:通过遍历设备列表,识别出目标设备。可以通过设备的VID(Vendor ID)和PID(Product ID)进行识别。

import org.usb4java.DeviceDescriptor;

public class UsbCommunication {

// ... previous code ...

public Device findDevice(short vendorId, short productId) {

DeviceList list = getUsbDevices();

try {

for (Device device : list) {

DeviceDescriptor descriptor = new DeviceDescriptor();

int result = LibUsb.getDeviceDescriptor(device, descriptor);

if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {

continue;

}

if (descriptor.idVendor() == vendorId && descriptor.idProduct() == productId) {

return device;

}

}

} finally {

LibUsb.freeDeviceList(list, true);

}

return null;

}

}

三、打开通信端口

  1. 打开设备:在识别到目标设备后,打开设备以进行通信。

import org.usb4java.DeviceHandle;

public class UsbCommunication {

// ... previous code ...

public DeviceHandle openDevice(Device device) {

DeviceHandle handle = new DeviceHandle();

int result = LibUsb.open(device, handle);

if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {

throw new RuntimeException("Unable to open USB device: " + LibUsb.strError(result));

}

return handle;

}

}

  1. 设置配置和接口:打开设备后,通常需要设置配置和接口。

public class UsbCommunication {

// ... previous code ...

public void configureDevice(DeviceHandle handle, int configId, int interfaceNumber) {

int result = LibUsb.setConfiguration(handle, configId);

if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {

throw new RuntimeException("Unable to set configuration: " + LibUsb.strError(result));

}

result = LibUsb.claimInterface(handle, interfaceNumber);

if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {

throw new RuntimeException("Unable to claim interface: " + LibUsb.strError(result));

}

}

}

四、发送和接收数据

  1. 发送数据:通过控制传输、批量传输或中断传输发送数据。

import org.usb4java.LibUsb;

import org.usb4java.BufferUtils;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

public class UsbCommunication {

// ... previous code ...

public int sendData(DeviceHandle handle, byte[] data, int endpoint) {

ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.allocateByteBuffer(data.length);

buffer.put(data);

buffer.rewind();

int transferred = LibUsb.bulkTransfer(handle, (byte) endpoint, buffer, 1000);

if (transferred < 0) {

throw new RuntimeException("Bulk transfer failed: " + LibUsb.strError(transferred));

}

return transferred;

}

}

  1. 接收数据:同样,通过控制传输、批量传输或中断传输接收数据。

public class UsbCommunication {

// ... previous code ...

public byte[] receiveData(DeviceHandle handle, int endpoint, int size) {

ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.allocateByteBuffer(size);

int transferred = LibUsb.bulkTransfer(handle, (byte) endpoint, buffer, 1000);

if (transferred < 0) {

throw new RuntimeException("Bulk transfer failed: " + LibUsb.strError(transferred));

}

byte[] data = new byte[transferred];

buffer.get(data, 0, transferred);

return data;

}

}

五、关闭设备和释放资源

  1. 释放接口和关闭设备:完成数据传输后,释放接口并关闭设备。

public class UsbCommunication {

// ... previous code ...

public void releaseDevice(DeviceHandle handle, int interfaceNumber) {

int result = LibUsb.releaseInterface(handle, interfaceNumber);

if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {

throw new RuntimeException("Unable to release interface: " + LibUsb.strError(result));

}

LibUsb.close(handle);

}

}

  1. 清理资源:在程序结束时,确保清理资源。

public class UsbCommunication {

// ... previous code ...

public void cleanup() {

close();

}

}

六、完整示例

public class UsbCommunication {

private Context context;

public UsbCommunication() {

context = new Context();

int result = LibUsb.init(context);

if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {

throw new RuntimeException("Unable to initialize libusb: " + LibUsb.strError(result));

}

}

public void close() {

LibUsb.exit(context);

}

public DeviceList getUsbDevices() {

DeviceList list = new DeviceList();

int result = LibUsb.getDeviceList(context, list);

if (result < 0) {

throw new RuntimeException("Unable to get device list: " + LibUsb.strError(result));

}

return list;

}

public Device findDevice(short vendorId, short productId) {

DeviceList list = getUsbDevices();

try {

for (Device device : list) {

DeviceDescriptor descriptor = new DeviceDescriptor();

int result = LibUsb.getDeviceDescriptor(device, descriptor);

if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {

continue;

}

if (descriptor.idVendor() == vendorId && descriptor.idProduct() == productId) {

return device;

}

}

} finally {

LibUsb.freeDeviceList(list, true);

}

return null;

}

public DeviceHandle openDevice(Device device) {

DeviceHandle handle = new DeviceHandle();

int result = LibUsb.open(device, handle);

if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {

throw new RuntimeException("Unable to open USB device: " + LibUsb.strError(result));

}

return handle;

}

public void configureDevice(DeviceHandle handle, int configId, int interfaceNumber) {

int result = LibUsb.setConfiguration(handle, configId);

if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {

throw new RuntimeException("Unable to set configuration: " + LibUsb.strError(result));

}

result = LibUsb.claimInterface(handle, interfaceNumber);

if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {

throw new RuntimeException("Unable to claim interface: " + LibUsb.strError(result));

}

}

public int sendData(DeviceHandle handle, byte[] data, int endpoint) {

ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.allocateByteBuffer(data.length);

buffer.put(data);

buffer.rewind();

int transferred = LibUsb.bulkTransfer(handle, (byte) endpoint, buffer, 1000);

if (transferred < 0) {

throw new RuntimeException("Bulk transfer failed: " + LibUsb.strError(transferred));

}

return transferred;

}

public byte[] receiveData(DeviceHandle handle, int endpoint, int size) {

ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.allocateByteBuffer(size);

int transferred = LibUsb.bulkTransfer(handle, (byte) endpoint, buffer, 1000);

if (transferred < 0) {

throw new RuntimeException("Bulk transfer failed: " + LibUsb.strError(transferred));

}

byte[] data = new byte[transferred];

buffer.get(data, 0, transferred);

return data;

}

public void releaseDevice(DeviceHandle handle, int interfaceNumber) {

int result = LibUsb.releaseInterface(handle, interfaceNumber);

if (result != LibUsb.SUCCESS) {

throw new RuntimeException("Unable to release interface: " + LibUsb.strError(result));

}

LibUsb.close(handle);

}

public void cleanup() {

close();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

UsbCommunication usbComm = new UsbCommunication();

try {

Device device = usbComm.findDevice((short) 0x1234, (short) 0x5678);

if (device == null) {

System.out.println("Device not found");

return;

}

DeviceHandle handle = usbComm.openDevice(device);

usbComm.configureDevice(handle, 1, 0);

byte[] dataToSend = "Hello USB".getBytes();

int endpointOut = 0x01; // Replace with actual endpoint address

usbComm.sendData(handle, dataToSend, endpointOut);

int endpointIn = 0x81; // Replace with actual endpoint address

byte[] receivedData = usbComm.receiveData(handle, endpointIn, 64);

System.out.println("Received data: " + new String(receivedData));

usbComm.releaseDevice(handle, 0);

} finally {

usbComm.cleanup();

}

}

}


总结

通过上述步骤,可以在Java中利用usb4java库进行USB通信。该方法包括了从识别设备、打开通信端口到发送和接收数据的完整过程。usb4java库提供了丰富的功能,支持多种类型的USB传输,能够满足大部分的USB通信需求。确保在每个步骤中处理错误和释放资源,以避免内存泄露和其他潜在问题。

相关问答FAQs:

1. 如何在Java中使用USB通信?

USB通信是一种常见的硬件设备与计算机之间进行数据传输的方式。要在Java中使用USB通信,您可以使用Java的javax.usb库来实现。首先,您需要安装Java USB驱动程序,并将其添加到您的项目中。然后,您可以使用javax.usb库中的类和方法来与USB设备进行通信。

2. 在Java中,如何连接和识别USB设备?

要连接和识别USB设备,您可以使用Java的javax.usb库中的UsbHostManager类。通过使用UsbHostManager类的getUsbServices()方法,您可以获取USB服务对象。然后,使用UsbServices对象的getRootUsbHub()方法获取根USB集线器,并使用getRootUsbHub()方法的getAttachedUsbDevices()方法来获取连接到计算机的USB设备列表。通过遍历这个列表,您可以识别和连接USB设备。

3. 在Java中,如何发送和接收数据通过USB?

要发送和接收数据通过USB,在Java中,您可以使用javax.usb库中的UsbDevice类和UsbPipe类。首先,您需要获取对特定USB设备的引用。然后,使用UsbDevice对象的getUsbConfigurationList()方法来获取USB设备的配置列表。通过遍历配置列表,并找到包含您要使用的USB接口的配置,您可以获取对该USB接口的引用。接下来,使用UsbInterface对象的getUsbEndpointList()方法来获取USB接口的端点列表。通过遍历端点列表,您可以找到要发送和接收数据的端点。最后,使用UsbPipe类的方法来发送和接收数据。

请注意,Java的javax.usb库提供了许多其他类和方法,可用于更复杂的USB通信需求。您可以根据自己的具体要求进一步研究和使用这些类和方法。

文章包含AI辅助创作,作者:Edit2,如若转载,请注明出处:https://docs.pingcode.com/baike/181730

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