1. PingCode智库首页
  2. 百科

Linux如何查询raid级别

Edit1 • • 百科

Linux如何查询raid级别

在Linux中查询RAID级别的方法主要包括以下几种：使用mdadm命令、通过lsblk命令查看、使用cat /proc/mdstat命令、利用smartctl工具。其中，使用mdadm命令是最常用且详细的方法。

使用mdadm命令：这是一个强大的工具，可以显示详细的RAID信息，例如RAID级别、阵列状态和组成成员。运行mdadm --detail /dev/mdX（其中/dev/mdX是你的RAID设备）可以获得详细的RAID信息。

一、使用mdadm命令

mdadm（Multiple Device Admin）是一个管理Linux软件RAID设备的命令行工具。它不仅可以创建和管理RAID阵列，还可以提供详细的RAID信息。

1.1 安装和基本使用

在大多数Linux发行版上，mdadm预装了。如果没有，可以通过包管理器安装。例如，在Debian/Ubuntu上：

sudo apt-get install mdadm

安装完成后，可以使用以下命令查看RAID详细信息：

sudo mdadm --detail /dev/mdX

1.2 解析输出

假设你运行了sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0，可能得到如下输出：

/dev/md0:


           Version : 1.2


     Creation Time : Wed Mar  3 21:45:28 2021


        Raid Level : raid1


     Used Dev Size : 976630464 (931.51 GiB 1000.07 GB)


      Raid Devices : 2


     Total Devices : 2


       Persistence : Superblock is persistent


       Update Time : Wed Mar  3 21:45:29 2021


             State : clean


    Active Devices : 2


   Working Devices : 2


    Failed Devices : 0


     Spare Devices : 0


Consistency Policy : resync


              Name : server:0  (local to host server)


              UUID : 5f5d5b9f:1a6b3d7e:6b1c4a5f:4d5e6f7b


            Events : 17


    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State


       0       8       16        0      active sync   /dev/sdb


       1       8       32        1      active sync   /dev/sdc

从上面的输出中，可以看到Raid Level : raid1，这表明当前RAID级别是RAID 1。

二、通过lsblk命令查看

lsblk命令用于列出所有块设备，并显示它们的树状结构。虽然lsblk本身不会显示RAID级别，但它可以帮助你确定RAID设备名称，然后再使用其他工具查询详细信息。

2.1 使用lsblk命令

lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

输出类似于：

NAME    SIZE FSTYPE            TYPE MOUNTPOINT


sda     931.5G                 disk 


├─sda1  931.5G linux_raid_member part 


└─md0   931.5G ext4             raid1 /


sdb     931.5G                 disk 


└─sdb1  931.5G linux_raid_member part

从上面的输出中，可以看到/dev/md0是一个RAID设备。接下来可以使用mdadm命令查看详细信息。

三、使用cat /proc/mdstat命令

/proc/mdstat文件包含了当前RAID阵列的状态。通过查看这个文件，可以快速了解系统中所有RAID阵列的信息。

3.1 查看/proc/mdstat

cat /proc/mdstat

输出类似于：

Personalities : [raid1] 


md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]


      976630464 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]


unused devices: <none>

从上面的输出中，可以看到md0 : active raid1，这表明/dev/md0是一个RAID 1阵列。

四、利用smartctl工具

smartctl是一个监控和控制存储设备健康状态的工具，它也是smartmontools包的一部分。虽然smartctl主要用于检测硬盘健康状态，但它也可以提供一些RAID信息。

4.1 安装和使用smartctl

在大多数Linux发行版上，smartmontools包可以通过包管理器安装。例如，在Debian/Ubuntu上：

sudo apt-get install smartmontools

安装完成后，可以使用以下命令查看RAID信息：

sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda

4.2 解析输出

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===


Model Family:     Seagate Barracuda 7200.14 (AF)


Device Model:     ST1000DM003-1ER162


Serial Number:    Z4Y0Z5ZZ


LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0780d1f4b


Firmware Version: CC45


User Capacity:    1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]


Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical


Rotation Rate:    7200 rpm


Form Factor:      3.5 inches


Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]


ATA Version is:   ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)


SATA Version is:  SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)


Local Time is:    Wed Mar  3 21:50:13 2021 UTC


SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.


SMART support is: Enabled

虽然smartctl输出中没有直接的RAID信息，但它可以验证硬盘的健康状态，这对RAID阵列的维护和管理非常重要。

五、其他方法和工具

除了上述方法，还有一些其他工具和方法可以用来查询RAID信息。例如：

5.1 使用lshw命令

lshw（Hardware Lister）是一个详细列出硬件配置的工具。虽然它主要用于硬件信息查询，但也可以显示RAID信息。

sudo lshw -class disk -class storage

输出类似于：

  *-disk:0


       description: SCSI Disk


       product: ST1000DM003-1ER1


       vendor: Seagate


       physical id: 0.0.0


       bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0


       logical name: /dev/sda


       version: CC45


       serial: Z4Y0Z5ZZ


       size: 931GiB (1TB)


       capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos


       configuration: ansiversion=5 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=4096


  *-disk:1


       description: SCSI Disk


       product: ST1000DM003-1ER1


       vendor: Seagate


       physical id: 0.0.1


       bus info: scsi@0:0.0.1


       logical name: /dev/sdb


       version: CC45


       serial: Z4Y0Z5ZZ


       size: 931GiB (1TB)


       capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos


       configuration: ansiversion=5 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=4096

5.2 使用hwinfo命令

hwinfo（Hardware Information）是一个列出硬件配置信息的工具。它可以提供有关RAID设备的详细信息。

sudo hwinfo --disk

输出类似于：

37: IDE 100.0: 10600 Disk


  [Created at block.245]


  Unique ID: 3OOL.1nKZPjM3r57


  Parent ID: w7Y8+X5F4xE


  SysFS ID: /class/block/sda


  SysFS BusID: 0:0.0.0


  SysFS Device Link: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata1/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0


  Hardware Class: disk


  Model: "ST1000DM003-1ER1"


  Vendor: "Seagate"


  Device: "ST1000DM003-1ER1"


  Revision: "CC45"


  Serial ID: "Z4Y0Z5ZZ"


  Driver: "ahci", "sd"


  Driver Modules: "ahci"


  Device File: /dev/sda


  Device Files: /dev/sda, /dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST1000DM003-1ER162_Z4Y0Z5ZZ, /dev/disk/by-id/wwn-0x5000c500780d1f4b, /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.2-ata-1


  Device Number: block 8:0-8:15


  Size: 931 GiB


  Capacity: 931 GiB (1TB)


  Geometry (Logical): CHS 121601/255/63


  Geometry (Physical): CHS 16383/16/63


  Configuration Status: ok


  Capabilities:


  * Large Disk * 48-bit LBA * IORDY(may be)(cannot be disabled) * Queueing * Standby timer values


  * DMA * Power Management * Advanced Power Management * Write cache * Look-ahead


  * SMART * SMART Autosave * Security Mode * Device Configuration Overlay * 48-bit Security


  * Write-Read-Verify * Flush Cache * NOP CMD * Sense data reporting * Write-Read-Verify


  * Write-Read-Verify support * Write DMA * Read DMA * Write Multiple * Read Multiple


  * Flush Cache Ext * READ LOG DMA EXT * READ LOG DMA * READ LOG DMA EXT support


  * WRITE LOG DMA EXT * WRITE LOG DMA * WRITE LOG DMA EXT support * WRITE LOG DMA support


  * READ LOG DMA EXT support * WRITE LOG DMA EXT support * WRITE LOG DMA support


  * SMART support * SMART Autosave support * SMART support * SMART Autosave support


  * SMART support * SMART Autosave support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART Autosave support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support


  * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support * SMART support

相关问答FAQs：

1. 如何在Linux中查询RAID级别？
在Linux中查询RAID级别很简单。您可以使用以下命令来查询RAID级别：

$ cat /proc/mdstat

在输出中，您将看到RAID设备的详细信息，包括RAID级别。RAID级别通常以数字表示，如RAID 0、RAID 1、RAID 5等。

2. 如何确定Linux系统中的RAID级别是否正确配置？
要确定Linux系统中的RAID级别是否正确配置，您可以执行以下步骤：

  1. 运行命令cat /proc/mdstat，确认所有RAID设备的状态正常。
  2. 使用命令mdadm --detail /dev/mdX（将/dev/mdX替换为您要检查的RAID设备的路径），查看RAID设备的详细信息。
  3. 在输出中查找Raid Level一节，确保它显示了您期望的RAID级别。

3. 如何在Linux中更改RAID级别？
更改Linux系统中的RAID级别是一项复杂的任务，需要小心操作以避免数据丢失。以下是一般步骤：

  1. 备份所有重要数据。更改RAID级别可能会导致数据丢失。
  2. 停止RAID设备。使用命令mdadm --stop /dev/mdX（将/dev/mdX替换为您要更改的RAID设备的路径）停止RAID设备。
  3. 使用mdadm命令将RAID设备转换为新的RAID级别。例如，要将RAID 1转换为RAID 5，您可以使用命令mdadm --grow /dev/mdX --level=5（将/dev/mdX替换为您要更改的RAID设备的路径）。
  4. 等待RAID重建完成。这可能需要一些时间，具体取决于RAID设备的大小和性能。
  5. 验证RAID级别更改是否成功。使用步骤2中提到的命令mdadm --detail /dev/mdX来检查RAID设备的详细信息，确保新的RAID级别已正确配置。

请注意，更改RAID级别是一项风险较高的操作，请在操作之前仔细考虑并确保您有充分的备份。如果您不熟悉RAID配置和管理，请寻求专业人士的帮助。

文章包含AI辅助创作，作者：Edit1，如若转载，请注明出处：https://docs.pingcode.com/baike/2892898

赞 (0)
Edit1Edit1
免费注册
电话联系

4008001024

微信咨询
微信咨询
返回顶部