如何用java 写一个课程表

要用Java写一个课程表，可以通过创建Course类、使用集合存储课程、设计用户交互界面等方法。首先定义课程类、然后使用集合存储多个课程、最后设计图形用户界面或控制台界面来展示和管理课程。下面将详细介绍如何实现这些步骤。

一、定义课程类

在编写课程表应用时，首先需要一个表示课程的类，这个类应该包含课程的基本信息，如课程名称、课程时间、教师姓名等。

public class Course {
    private String courseName;
    private String courseTime;
    private String teacherName;
    public Course(String courseName, String courseTime, String teacherName) {
        this.courseName = courseName;
        this.courseTime = courseTime;
        this.teacherName = teacherName;
    }
    public String getCourseName() {
        return courseName;
    }
    public void setCourseName(String courseName) {
        this.courseName = courseName;
    }
    public String getCourseTime() {
        return courseTime;
    }
    public void setCourseTime(String courseTime) {
        this.courseTime = courseTime;
    }
    public String getTeacherName() {
        return teacherName;
    }
    public void setTeacherName(String teacherName) {
        this.teacherName = teacherName;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Course{" +
                "courseName='" + courseName + ''' +
                ", courseTime='" + courseTime + ''' +
                ", teacherName='" + teacherName + ''' +
                '}';
    }
}

二、使用集合存储课程

为了管理多个课程，可以使用Java的集合框架，如ArrayList来存储课程，并提供方法添加、删除、查询课程。

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class CourseManager {
    private List<Course> courses;
    public CourseManager() {
        this.courses = new ArrayList<>();
    }
    public void addCourse(Course course) {
        courses.add(course);
    }
    public void removeCourse(String courseName) {
        courses.removeIf(course -> course.getCourseName().equals(courseName));
    }
    public Course getCourse(String courseName) {
        for (Course course : courses) {
            if (course.getCourseName().equals(courseName)) {
                return course;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
    public List<Course> getAllCourses() {
        return new ArrayList<>(courses);
    }
}

三、设计用户交互界面

用户界面可以采用图形用户界面（GUI）或控制台界面。这里以控制台界面为例，设计一个简单的菜单供用户操作。

import java.util.Scanner;
public class CourseScheduler {
    private static CourseManager courseManager = new CourseManager();
    private static Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("1. Add Course");
            System.out.println("2. Remove Course");
            System.out.println("3. View Course");
            System.out.println("4. View All Courses");
            System.out.println("5. Exit");
            System.out.print("Choose an option: ");
            int choice = scanner.nextInt();
            scanner.nextLine();  // Consume newline
            switch (choice) {
                case 1:
                    addCourse();
                    break;
                case 2:
                    removeCourse();
                    break;
                case 3:
                    viewCourse();
                    break;
                case 4:
                    viewAllCourses();
                    break;
                case 5:
                    System.exit(0);
                    break;
                default:
                    System.out.println("Invalid option. Please try again.");
            }
        }
    }
    private static void addCourse() {
        System.out.print("Enter course name: ");
        String courseName = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("Enter course time: ");
        String courseTime = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("Enter teacher name: ");
        String teacherName = scanner.nextLine();
        Course course = new Course(courseName, courseTime, teacherName);
        courseManager.addCourse(course);
        System.out.println("Course added successfully.");
    }
    private static void removeCourse() {
        System.out.print("Enter course name to remove: ");
        String courseName = scanner.nextLine();
        courseManager.removeCourse(courseName);
        System.out.println("Course removed successfully.");
    }
    private static void viewCourse() {
        System.out.print("Enter course name to view: ");
        String courseName = scanner.nextLine();
        Course course = courseManager.getCourse(courseName);
        if (course != null) {
            System.out.println(course);
        } else {
            System.out.println("Course not found.");
        }
    }
    private static void viewAllCourses() {
        System.out.println("All Courses:");
        for (Course course : courseManager.getAllCourses()) {
            System.out.println(course);
        }
    }
}

四、课程表的扩展和优化

除了基础功能，还可以进一步扩展和优化课程表应用，增加更多功能和提高用户体验。

1. 数据持久化

为了使课程数据在程序重启后仍然可用，可以使用文件存储或数据库存储。

使用文件存储

可以使用Java的序列化机制将课程数据保存到文件中。

import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class CourseManager {
    private List<Course> courses;
    private static final String FILE_NAME = "courses.ser";
    public CourseManager() {
        this.courses = loadCourses();
    }
    public void addCourse(Course course) {
        courses.add(course);
        saveCourses();
    }
    public void removeCourse(String courseName) {
        courses.removeIf(course -> course.getCourseName().equals(courseName));
        saveCourses();
    }
    public Course getCourse(String courseName) {
        for (Course course : courses) {
            if (course.getCourseName().equals(courseName)) {
                return course;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
    public List<Course> getAllCourses() {
        return new ArrayList<>(courses);
    }
    private void saveCourses() {
        try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(FILE_NAME))) {
            oos.writeObject(courses);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    private List<Course> loadCourses() {
        try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(FILE_NAME))) {
            return (List<Course>) ois.readObject();
        } catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return new ArrayList<>();
        }
    }
}

使用数据库存储

可以使用JDBC连接数据库，将课程数据存储在数据库中。

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class CourseManager {
    private static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/course_db";
    private static final String USER = "root";
    private static final String PASSWORD = "password";
    public CourseManager() {
        createTable();
    }
    public void addCourse(Course course) {
        String sql = "INSERT INTO courses (course_name, course_time, teacher_name) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";
        try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASSWORD);
             PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
            pstmt.setString(1, course.getCourseName());
            pstmt.setString(2, course.getCourseTime());
            pstmt.setString(3, course.getTeacherName());
            pstmt.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public void removeCourse(String courseName) {
        String sql = "DELETE FROM courses WHERE course_name = ?";
        try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASSWORD);
             PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
            pstmt.setString(1, courseName);
            pstmt.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public Course getCourse(String courseName) {
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM courses WHERE course_name = ?";
        try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASSWORD);
             PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
            pstmt.setString(1, courseName);
            ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            if (rs.next()) {
                return new Course(rs.getString("course_name"), rs.getString("course_time"), rs.getString("teacher_name"));
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
    public List<Course> getAllCourses() {
        List<Course> courses = new ArrayList<>();
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM courses";
        try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASSWORD);
             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql)) {
            while (rs.next()) {
                courses.add(new Course(rs.getString("course_name"), rs.getString("course_time"), rs.getString("teacher_name")));
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return courses;
    }
    private void createTable() {
        String sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS courses (" +
                     "course_name VARCHAR(255) PRIMARY KEY," +
                     "course_time VARCHAR(255)," +
                     "teacher_name VARCHAR(255))";
        try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASSWORD);
             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
            stmt.execute(sql);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2. 提供图形用户界面（GUI）

使用Java Swing或JavaFX可以创建一个图形用户界面，使用户操作更加直观。

使用Java Swing

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class CourseSchedulerGUI extends JFrame {
    private CourseManager courseManager = new CourseManager();
    private JTextField courseNameField;
    private JTextField courseTimeField;
    private JTextField teacherNameField;
    private JTextArea courseListArea;
    public CourseSchedulerGUI() {
        setTitle("Course Scheduler");
        setSize(400, 400);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        JPanel inputPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(4, 2));
        inputPanel.add(new JLabel("Course Name:"));
        courseNameField = new JTextField();
        inputPanel.add(courseNameField);
        inputPanel.add(new JLabel("Course Time:"));
        courseTimeField = new JTextField();
        inputPanel.add(courseTimeField);
        inputPanel.add(new JLabel("Teacher Name:"));
        teacherNameField = new JTextField();
        inputPanel.add(teacherNameField);
        JButton addButton = new JButton("Add Course");
        addButton.addActionListener(new AddButtonListener());
        inputPanel.add(addButton);
        JButton removeButton = new JButton("Remove Course");
        removeButton.addActionListener(new RemoveButtonListener());
        inputPanel.add(removeButton);
        add(inputPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        courseListArea = new JTextArea();
        courseListArea.setEditable(false);
        add(new JScrollPane(courseListArea), BorderLayout.CENTER);
        updateCourseList();
    }
    private void updateCourseList() {
        courseListArea.setText("");
        for (Course course : courseManager.getAllCourses()) {
            courseListArea.append(course + "n");
        }
    }
    private class AddButtonListener implements ActionListener {
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            String courseName = courseNameField.getText();
            String courseTime = courseTimeField.getText();
            String teacherName = teacherNameField.getText();
            Course course = new Course(courseName, courseTime, teacherName);
            courseManager.addCourse(course);
            updateCourseList();
        }
    }
    private class RemoveButtonListener implements ActionListener {
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            String courseName = courseNameField.getText();
            courseManager.removeCourse(courseName);
            updateCourseList();
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
            CourseSchedulerGUI gui = new CourseSchedulerGUI();
            gui.setVisible(true);
        });
    }
}

通过以上步骤，完成了一个简单而功能完备的课程表应用。可以根据实际需求进一步扩展和优化，增加如课程冲突检测、课程提醒等高级功能。