Python侦测ADB（Android Debug Bridge）的方法包括：使用subprocess库执行ADB命令、解析ADB命令的输出、处理异常情况。其中，使用subprocess库执行ADB命令是最常用的方法，因为它可以直接调用系统命令并获取结果。下面将详细描述如何使用Python侦测ADB。
一、使用SUBPROCESS执行ADB命令
1.1 安装和导入必要的库
在开始之前，需要确保Python环境中已经安装了subprocess库。subprocess是Python内置的库，无需额外安装。可以通过以下方式导入：
import subprocess
1.2 执行基本的ADB命令
要检测ADB是否存在并正常工作，可以执行一个简单的ADB命令，如adb devices。这个命令用于列出当前连接的Android设备。可以使用subprocess.run方法来执行这个命令：
def detect_adb():
try:
result = subprocess.run(["adb", "devices"], capture_output=True, text=True)
if "List of devices attached" in result.stdout:
print("ADB is working correctly.")
return True
else:
print("ADB command did not return expected output.")
return False
except FileNotFoundError:
print("ADB command not found. Please ensure ADB is installed and added to PATH.")
return False
detect_adb()
这个函数使用subprocess.run执行adb devices命令，并捕获其输出。如果命令返回的结果包含“List of devices attached”，则认为ADB工作正常。
1.3 处理异常情况
在实际使用中，可能会遇到各种异常情况，如ADB未安装、命令执行错误等。需要在代码中处理这些异常，以确保程序的稳定性。
def detect_adb():
try:
result = subprocess.run(["adb", "devices"], capture_output=True, text=True)
if "List of devices attached" in result.stdout:
print("ADB is working correctly.")
return True
else:
print("ADB command did not return expected output.")
return False
except FileNotFoundError:
print("ADB command not found. Please ensure ADB is installed and added to PATH.")
return False
except subprocess.SubprocessError as e:
print(f"An error occurred while trying to execute ADB command: {e}")
return False
detect_adb()
通过捕获FileNotFoundError和subprocess.SubprocessError异常，可以更好地处理不同的错误情况，并给出相应的提示信息。
二、解析ADB命令的输出
2.1 列出连接的设备
在执行adb devices命令后，可以解析其输出，以获取连接的设备列表。可以通过字符串处理方法，如split，来解析命令的输出。
def list_connected_devices():
try:
result = subprocess.run(["adb", "devices"], capture_output=True, text=True)
if "List of devices attached" in result.stdout:
devices = result.stdout.split("n")[1:-1]
devices = [device.split("t")[0] for device in devices if "tdevice" in device]
print(f"Connected devices: {devices}")
return devices
else:
print("No devices connected.")
return []
except FileNotFoundError:
print("ADB command not found. Please ensure ADB is installed and added to PATH.")
return []
except subprocess.SubprocessError as e:
print(f"An error occurred while trying to execute ADB command: {e}")
return []
list_connected_devices()
这个函数首先执行adb devices命令，然后通过split方法解析输出，提取连接的设备列表。
2.2 获取设备状态
除了列出连接的设备，还可以获取每个设备的状态。可以执行adb get-state命令获取设备状态。
def get_device_state(device_id):
try:
result = subprocess.run(["adb", "-s", device_id, "get-state"], capture_output=True, text=True)
if result.returncode == 0:
state = result.stdout.strip()
print(f"Device {device_id} state: {state}")
return state
else:
print(f"Failed to get state for device {device_id}.")
return None
except subprocess.SubprocessError as e:
print(f"An error occurred while trying to get state for device {device_id}: {e}")
return None
Example usage
devices = list_connected_devices()
for device in devices:
get_device_state(device)
这个函数使用adb -s <device_id> get-state命令获取指定设备的状态，并返回状态信息。
三、处理复杂的ADB操作
3.1 执行Shell命令
通过ADB，可以在连接的Android设备上执行各种Shell命令，例如查看系统日志、获取设备信息等。可以使用adb shell <command>来执行Shell命令。
def execute_shell_command(device_id, command):
try:
result = subprocess.run(["adb", "-s", device_id, "shell", command], capture_output=True, text=True)
if result.returncode == 0:
output = result.stdout.strip()
print(f"Command output: {output}")
return output
else:
print(f"Failed to execute command on device {device_id}.")
return None
except subprocess.SubprocessError as e:
print(f"An error occurred while trying to execute command on device {device_id}: {e}")
return None
Example usage
device_id = devices[0] if devices else None
if device_id:
execute_shell_command(device_id, "ls /sdcard")
这个函数使用adb shell命令在指定设备上执行Shell命令，并返回命令的输出结果。
3.2 文件传输
ADB还支持在主机和Android设备之间传输文件。可以使用adb push <local> <remote>和adb pull <remote> <local>命令实现文件传输。
def push_file_to_device(device_id, local_path, remote_path):
try:
result = subprocess.run(["adb", "-s", device_id, "push", local_path, remote_path], capture_output=True, text=True)
if result.returncode == 0:
print(f"Successfully pushed {local_path} to {remote_path} on device {device_id}.")
return True
else:
print(f"Failed to push {local_path} to {remote_path} on device {device_id}.")
return False
except subprocess.SubprocessError as e:
print(f"An error occurred while trying to push file to device {device_id}: {e}")
return False
def pull_file_from_device(device_id, remote_path, local_path):
try:
result = subprocess.run(["adb", "-s", device_id, "pull", remote_path, local_path], capture_output=True, text=True)
if result.returncode == 0:
print(f"Successfully pulled {remote_path} to {local_path} from device {device_id}.")
return True
else:
print(f"Failed to pull {remote_path} to {local_path} from device {device_id}.")
return False
except subprocess.SubprocessError as e:
print(f"An error occurred while trying to pull file from device {device_id}: {e}")
return False
Example usage
if device_id:
push_file_to_device(device_id, "local_file.txt", "/sdcard/remote_file.txt")
pull_file_from_device(device_id, "/sdcard/remote_file.txt", "local_file.txt")
这些函数分别使用adb push和adb pull命令在主机与设备之间传输文件，并返回操作结果。
四、整合与应用
4.1 综合检测和操作功能
可以将上述功能整合到一个综合性的工具中，以提供更全面的ADB检测和操作功能。
class ADBTool:
def __init__(self):
self.devices = self.list_connected_devices()
def detect_adb(self):
try:
result = subprocess.run(["adb", "devices"], capture_output=True, text=True)
if "List of devices attached" in result.stdout:
print("ADB is working correctly.")
return True
else:
print("ADB command did not return expected output.")
return False
except FileNotFoundError:
print("ADB command not found. Please ensure ADB is installed and added to PATH.")
return False
except subprocess.SubprocessError as e:
print(f"An error occurred while trying to execute ADB command: {e}")
return False
def list_connected_devices(self):
try:
result = subprocess.run(["adb", "devices"], capture_output=True, text=True)
if "List of devices attached" in result.stdout:
devices = result.stdout.split("n")[1:-1]
devices = [device.split("t")[0] for device in devices if "tdevice" in device]
print(f"Connected devices: {devices}")
return devices
else:
print("No devices connected.")
return []
except FileNotFoundError:
print("ADB command not found. Please ensure ADB is installed and added to PATH.")
return []
except subprocess.SubprocessError as e:
print(f"An error occurred while trying to execute ADB command: {e}")
return []
def get_device_state(self, device_id):
try:
result = subprocess.run(["adb", "-s", device_id, "get-state"], capture_output=True, text=True)
if result.returncode == 0:
state = result.stdout.strip()
print(f"Device {device_id} state: {state}")
return state
else:
print(f"Failed to get state for device {device_id}.")
return None
except subprocess.SubprocessError as e:
print(f"An error occurred while trying to get state for device {device_id}: {e}")
return None
def execute_shell_command(self, device_id, command):
try:
result = subprocess.run(["adb", "-s", device_id, "shell", command], capture_output=True, text=True)
if result.returncode == 0:
output = result.stdout.strip()
print(f"Command output: {output}")
return output
else:
print(f"Failed to execute command on device {device_id}.")
return None
except subprocess.SubprocessError as e:
print(f"An error occurred while trying to execute command on device {device_id}: {e}")
return None
def push_file_to_device(self, device_id, local_path, remote_path):
try:
result = subprocess.run(["adb", "-s", device_id, "push", local_path, remote_path], capture_output=True, text=True)
if result.returncode == 0:
print(f"Successfully pushed {local_path} to {remote_path} on device {device_id}.")
return True
else:
print(f"Failed to push {local_path} to {remote_path} on device {device_id}.")
return False
except subprocess.SubprocessError as e:
print(f"An error occurred while trying to push file to device {device_id}: {e}")
return False
def pull_file_from_device(self, device_id, remote_path, local_path):
try:
result = subprocess.run(["adb", "-s", device_id, "pull", remote_path, local_path], capture_output=True, text=True)
if result.returncode == 0:
print(f"Successfully pulled {remote_path} to {local_path} from device {device_id}.")
return True
else:
print(f"Failed to pull {remote_path} to {local_path} from device {device_id}.")
return False
except subprocess.SubprocessError as e:
print(f"An error occurred while trying to pull file from device {device_id}: {e}")
return False
Example usage
adb_tool = ADBTool()
if adb_tool.detect_adb():
devices = adb_tool.list_connected_devices()
for device in devices:
adb_tool.get_device_state(device)
adb_tool.execute_shell_command(device, "ls /sdcard")
adb_tool.push_file_to_device(device, "local_file.txt", "/sdcard/remote_file.txt")
adb_tool.pull_file_from_device(device, "/sdcard/remote_file.txt", "local_file.txt")
这个综合性的工具类ADBTool封装了ADB检测、设备列表获取、设备状态获取、执行Shell命令、文件传输等功能。通过实例化这个类并调用相应的方法，可以方便地进行各种ADB操作。
4.2 实际应用场景
在实际应用中，可以将ADBTool类集成到自动化测试、设备管理、应用部署等场景中。例如，在自动化测试中，可以使用这个工具类来自动检测连接的设备，执行测试脚本，并获取测试结果。
def run_automated_tests():
adb_tool = ADBTool()
if adb_tool.detect_adb():
devices = adb_tool.list_connected_devices()
for device in devices:
adb_tool.execute_shell_command(device, "am instrument -w com.example.test/androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner")
adb_tool.pull_file_from_device(device, "/sdcard/test_results.xml", "local_test_results.xml")
run_automated_tests()
这个函数使用ADBTool类自动检测连接的设备，执行测试脚本，并将测试结果拉取到本地。
总之，使用Python侦测ADB的方法主要包括使用subprocess库执行ADB命令、解析ADB命令的输出、处理异常情况等。通过封装这些功能，可以实现一个综合性的ADB操作工具，并将其应用到各种实际场景中。
相关问答FAQs：
1. 如何在Python中使用adb侦测设备连接？
- 使用Python中的
subprocess模块，可以调用adb命令行工具。 - 通过运行
subprocess.run(['adb', 'devices'])命令，可以获取连接的设备列表。
2. 如何通过Python检测adb是否正常工作？
- 可以使用Python的
subprocess模块，运行adb version命令来检测adb是否正常工作。 - 通过检查返回结果，如果返回有版本号信息，则adb正常工作。
3. 如何在Python中检测设备是否连接并且可用？
- 使用Python的
subprocess模块，运行adb devices命令来检测设备连接情况。 - 通过解析返回结果，如果列表中至少有一个设备，则表示设备连接并且可用。
原创文章，作者：Edit2，如若转载，请注明出处：https://docs.pingcode.com/baike/727415
