如何用python编写俄罗斯方块

要用Python编写俄罗斯方块，可以使用Pygame库、定义基本游戏逻辑、创建图形界面、实现方块的移动和旋转。 下面我将详细介绍如何用Python编写一个简单的俄罗斯方块游戏。

一、安装Pygame库

为了开发俄罗斯方块游戏，我们首先需要安装Pygame库。Pygame是一个开源的Python库，用于编写视频游戏。安装Pygame的方法如下：

pip install pygame

二、游戏窗口初始化

首先，我们需要创建一个游戏窗口，并设置游戏的基本参数，例如窗口大小、标题等。

import pygame
import random
初始化Pygame
pygame.init()
设置窗口大小
screen_width = 300
screen_height = 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width, screen_height))
设置游戏标题
pygame.display.set_caption("俄罗斯方块")
定义颜色
colors = [
    (0, 0, 0),  # 背景颜色
    (255, 0, 0),  # 红色
    (0, 255, 0),  # 绿色
    (0, 0, 255),  # 蓝色
    (255, 255, 0),  # 黄色
    (255, 0, 255),  # 紫色
    (0, 255, 255),  # 青色
    (255, 165, 0)  # 橙色
]

三、定义方块形状

俄罗斯方块由不同形状的方块组成，这些形状可以用矩阵表示。我们需要定义这些形状。

# 定义方块形状
shapes = [
    [[1, 1, 1, 1]],
    [[1, 1], [1, 1]],
    [[0, 1, 0], [1, 1, 1]],
    [[1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1]],
    [[0, 0, 1], [1, 1, 1]],
    [[1, 1, 0], [0, 1, 1]],
    [[0, 1, 1], [1, 1, 0]]
]

四、定义方块类

为了管理方块的移动和旋转，我们可以定义一个方块类。

class Block:
    def __init__(self, x, y, shape):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.shape = shape
        self.color = random.randint(1, len(colors) - 1)
        self.rotation = 0
    def rotate(self):
        self.rotation = (self.rotation + 1) % len(self.shape)

五、游戏逻辑

我们需要定义游戏的主要逻辑，包括方块的移动、旋转、碰撞检测、消除完整行等。

def create_grid(locked_positions={}):
    grid = [[(0, 0, 0) for _ in range(10)] for _ in range(20)]
    for y in range(len(grid)):
        for x in range(len(grid[y])):
            if (x, y) in locked_positions:
                grid[y][x] = locked_positions[(x, y)]
    return grid
def draw_grid(surface, grid):
    for y in range(len(grid)):
        for x in range(len(grid[y])):
            pygame.draw.rect(surface, grid[y][x], (x * 30, y * 30, 30, 30), 0)
def valid_space(shape, grid):
    accepted_positions = [[(x, y) for x in range(10) if grid[y][x] == (0, 0, 0)] for y in range(20)]
    accepted_positions = [x for sub in accepted_positions for x in sub]
    formatted = convert_shape_format(shape)
    for pos in formatted:
        if pos not in accepted_positions:
            if pos[1] > -1:
                return False
    return True
def convert_shape_format(shape):
    positions = []
    format = shape.shape[shape.rotation % len(shape.shape)]
    for i, line in enumerate(format):
        row = list(line)
        for j, column in enumerate(row):
            if column == '0':
                positions.append((shape.x + j, shape.y + i))
    for i, pos in enumerate(positions):
        positions[i] = (pos[0] - 2, pos[1] - 4)
    return positions
def check_lost(positions):
    for pos in positions:
        x, y = pos
        if y < 1:
            return True
    return False
def get_shape():
    return Block(5, 0, random.choice(shapes))
def draw_window(surface):
    surface.fill((0, 0, 0))
    draw_grid(surface, grid)
    pygame.display.update()

六、主游戏循环

主游戏循环控制游戏的运行，包括处理用户输入、更新游戏状态、绘制游戏画面等。

def main():
    locked_positions = {}
    grid = create_grid(locked_positions)
    change_piece = False
    run = True
    current_piece = get_shape()
    next_piece = get_shape()
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    fall_time = 0
    while run:
        grid = create_grid(locked_positions)
        fall_speed = 0.27
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                run = False
                pygame.display.quit()
                quit()
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    current_piece.x -= 1
                    if not valid_space(current_piece, grid):
                        current_piece.x += 1
                if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    current_piece.x += 1
                    if not valid_space(current_piece, grid):
                        current_piece.x -= 1
                if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    current_piece.y += 1
                    if not valid_space(current_piece, grid):
                        current_piece.y -= 1
                if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    current_piece.rotate()
                    if not valid_space(current_piece, grid):
                        current_piece.rotate()
        shape_pos = convert_shape_format(current_piece)
        for i in range(len(shape_pos)):
            x, y = shape_pos[i]
            if y > -1:
                grid[y][x] = colors[current_piece.color]
        if change_piece:
            for pos in shape_pos:
                p = (pos[0], pos[1])
                locked_positions[p] = colors[current_piece.color]
            current_piece = next_piece
            next_piece = get_shape()
            change_piece = False
            if check_lost(locked_positions):
                run = False
        draw_window(screen)
        pygame.display.update()
        if fall_time / 1000 >= fall_speed:
            fall_time = 0
            current_piece.y += 1
            if not valid_space(current_piece, grid) and current_piece.y > 0:
                current_piece.y -= 1
                change_piece = True
        clock.tick(60)
main()