python游戏如何写排行榜

要创建Python游戏排行榜，可以使用数据库、文件存储、排序算法等多种方法。 其中，使用SQLite数据库存储玩家分数并进行排序 是一种常见且高效的方法。首先，确保你有一个游戏，游戏中玩家能够获得分数。在游戏结束后，将分数保存到数据库中，然后从数据库中读取分数并进行排序，显示排行榜。下面将详细介绍使用SQLite数据库实现排行榜的步骤。

一、创建数据库并保存分数

要使用SQLite数据库，首先需要导入SQLite模块。SQLite是一个轻量级的嵌入式数据库，它不需要单独的服务器，可以直接嵌入到Python应用程序中。

import sqlite3
def create_connection(db_file):
    conn = None
    try:
        conn = sqlite3.connect(db_file)
        print(f"Connected to database {db_file}")
    except sqlite3.Error as e:
        print(e)
    return conn
def create_table(conn):
    try:
        sql_create_scores_table = """ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS scores (
                                            id integer PRIMARY KEY,
                                            name text NOT NULL,
                                            score integer
                                        ); """
        cursor = conn.cursor()
        cursor.execute(sql_create_scores_table)
    except sqlite3.Error as e:
        print(e)
def insert_score(conn, name, score):
    sql = ''' INSERT INTO scores(name,score)
              VALUES(?,?) '''
    cur = conn.cursor()
    cur.execute(sql, (name, score))
    conn.commit()
    return cur.lastrowid
def main():
    database = r"pythonsqlite.db"
    conn = create_connection(database)
    if conn:
        create_table(conn)
        name = input("Enter your name: ")
        score = int(input("Enter your score: "))
        insert_score(conn, name, score)
        conn.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

二、读取并显示排行榜

创建了数据库并保存分数后，我们需要从数据库中读取分数，并按照分数进行排序，显示排行榜。

def get_top_scores(conn, limit=10):
    cur = conn.cursor()
    cur.execute("SELECT name, score FROM scores ORDER BY score DESC LIMIT ?", (limit,))
    rows = cur.fetchall()
    return rows
def display_scores(scores):
    print("Top Scores:")
    for row in scores:
        print(f"{row[0]}: {row[1]}")
def main():
    database = r"pythonsqlite.db"
    conn = create_connection(database)
    if conn:
        scores = get_top_scores(conn)
        display_scores(scores)
        conn.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

三、将排行榜集成到游戏中

将上述代码集成到游戏逻辑中，在游戏结束后保存分数，并显示排行榜。假设你有一个简单的游戏框架如下：

class Game:
    def __init__(self):
        self.score = 0
    def play(self):
        # Game logic
        self.score = 100  # Example score
    def game_over(self):
        print(f"Game Over! Your score: {self.score}")
        self.save_score()
    def save_score(self):
        database = r"pythonsqlite.db"
        conn = create_connection(database)
        if conn:
            name = input("Enter your name: ")
            insert_score(conn, name, self.score)
            scores = get_top_scores(conn)
            display_scores(scores)
            conn.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    game = Game()
    game.play()
    game.game_over()

四、优化和扩展

用户输入验证：确保用户输入的名称和分数是有效的，避免SQL注入和输入错误。
界面友好性：可以使用图形用户界面（GUI）库，如Tkinter或Pygame，来创建更友好的用户界面。
增加更多信息：除了分数，可以在排行榜中显示更多信息，如时间、排名等。
异步处理：在分数保存和读取过程中，可以使用异步处理来避免阻塞游戏主线程。

五、示例代码展示

以下是一个完整示例，展示了如何在Pygame中实现排行榜功能：

import pygame
import sqlite3
Initialize Pygame
pygame.init()
Screen dimensions
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 800, 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Game with Leaderboard")
Colors
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
Fonts
font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)
Database functions
def create_connection(db_file):
    conn = None
    try:
        conn = sqlite3.connect(db_file)
        return conn
    except sqlite3.Error as e:
        print(e)
    return conn
def create_table(conn):
    try:
        sql_create_scores_table = """ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS scores (
                                            id integer PRIMARY KEY,
                                            name text NOT NULL,
                                            score integer
                                        ); """
        cursor = conn.cursor()
        cursor.execute(sql_create_scores_table)
    except sqlite3.Error as e:
        print(e)
def insert_score(conn, name, score):
    sql = ''' INSERT INTO scores(name,score)
              VALUES(?,?) '''
    cur = conn.cursor()
    cur.execute(sql, (name, score))
    conn.commit()
    return cur.lastrowid
def get_top_scores(conn, limit=10):
    cur = conn.cursor()
    cur.execute("SELECT name, score FROM scores ORDER BY score DESC LIMIT ?", (limit,))
    rows = cur.fetchall()
    return rows
def display_scores(screen, scores):
    y_offset = 100
    screen.fill(WHITE)
    title_text = font.render("Top Scores", True, BLACK)
    screen.blit(title_text, (WIDTH // 2 - title_text.get_width() // 2, 50))
    for row in scores:
        score_text = font.render(f"{row[0]}: {row[1]}", True, BLACK)
        screen.blit(score_text, (WIDTH // 2 - score_text.get_width() // 2, y_offset))
        y_offset += 40
    pygame.display.flip()
Game class
class Game:
    def __init__(self):
        self.score = 0
    def play(self):
        self.score = 100  # Example score for demonstration
    def game_over(self):
        print(f"Game Over! Your score: {self.score}")
        self.save_score()
    def save_score(self):
        database = r"pythonsqlite.db"
        conn = create_connection(database)
        if conn:
            create_table(conn)
            name = input("Enter your name: ")
            insert_score(conn, name, self.score)
            scores = get_top_scores(conn)
            display_scores(screen, scores)
            conn.close()
Main loop
def main():
    game = Game()
    game.play()
    game.game_over()
    running = True
    while running:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                running = False
    pygame.quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()