用python如何做俄罗斯方块

用Python实现俄罗斯方块的步骤如下：

选择一个合适的图形库：通常，pygame 是一个很好的选择，因为它简洁、易用，并且能够处理图形和声音。
设置游戏窗口：定义窗口大小和游戏网格大小。
定义方块形状：俄罗斯方块由不同形状的方块组成，每个形状可以用二维列表表示。
处理方块的移动和旋转：实现方块的下落、左右移动和旋转。
检测碰撞：确保方块不会穿过其他方块或超出游戏区域。
消除已填满的行：检测并消除已填满的行，更新得分。
实现游戏逻辑：包括游戏开始、结束、暂停等功能。
绘制游戏画面：绘制方块、网格和得分等信息。

以下是一个基本的俄罗斯方块游戏的实现代码，使用了pygame库：

import pygame
import random
初始化 Pygame
pygame.init()
定义一些常量
SCREEN_WIDTH = 300
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600
GRID_SIZE = 30
GRID_WIDTH = SCREEN_WIDTH // GRID_SIZE
GRID_HEIGHT = SCREEN_HEIGHT // GRID_SIZE
SHAPES = [
    [[1, 1, 1, 1]],
    [[1, 1], [1, 1]],
    [[0, 1, 0], [1, 1, 1]],
    [[1, 1, 0], [0, 1, 1]],
    [[0, 1, 1], [1, 1, 0]],
    [[1, 1, 1], [1, 0, 0]],
    [[1, 1, 1], [0, 0, 1]],
]
定义颜色
COLORS = [
    (0, 255, 255),
    (255, 255, 0),
    (128, 0, 128),
    (0, 255, 0),
    (255, 0, 0),
    (0, 0, 255),
    (255, 165, 0),
]
定义一些辅助函数
def create_grid():
    return [[0 for _ in range(GRID_WIDTH)] for _ in range(GRID_HEIGHT)]
def draw_grid(screen, grid):
    for y in range(GRID_HEIGHT):
        for x in range(GRID_WIDTH):
            if grid[y][x] != 0:
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, COLORS[grid[y][x] - 1], (x * GRID_SIZE, y * GRID_SIZE, GRID_SIZE, GRID_SIZE))
def check_collision(grid, shape, offset):
    off_x, off_y = offset
    for y, row in enumerate(shape):
        for x, cell in enumerate(row):
            if cell and (y + off_y >= GRID_HEIGHT or x + off_x >= GRID_WIDTH or x + off_x < 0 or grid[y + off_y][x + off_x]):
                return True
    return False
def merge_grid(grid, shape, offset):
    off_x, off_y = offset
    for y, row in enumerate(shape):
        for x, cell in enumerate(row):
            if cell:
                grid[y + off_y][x + off_x] = cell
def rotate_shape(shape):
    return [[shape[y][x] for y in range(len(shape))] for x in range(len(shape[0]) - 1, -1, -1)]
def clear_rows(grid):
    full_rows = [i for i, row in enumerate(grid) if all(row)]
    for i in full_rows:
        grid.pop(i)
        grid.insert(0, [0 for _ in range(GRID_WIDTH)])
    return len(full_rows)
初始化游戏状态
grid = create_grid()
current_shape = random.choice(SHAPES)
current_color = random.randint(1, len(COLORS))
current_pos = [GRID_WIDTH // 2 - len(current_shape[0]) // 2, 0]
score = 0
game_over = False
创建窗口
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("俄罗斯方块")
游戏主循环
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
fall_time = 0
while not game_over:
    screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
    fall_time += clock.get_rawtime()
    clock.tick()
    # 方块自动下落
    if fall_time / 1000 >= 0.5:
        fall_time = 0
        current_pos[1] += 1
        if check_collision(grid, current_shape, current_pos):
            current_pos[1] -= 1
            merge_grid(grid, current_shape, current_pos)
            score += clear_rows(grid)
            current_shape = random.choice(SHAPES)
            current_color = random.randint(1, len(COLORS))
            current_pos = [GRID_WIDTH // 2 - len(current_shape[0]) // 2, 0]
            if check_collision(grid, current_shape, current_pos):
                game_over = True
    # 处理事件
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            game_over = True
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                current_pos[0] -= 1
                if check_collision(grid, current_shape, current_pos):
                    current_pos[0] += 1
            elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                current_pos[0] += 1
                if check_collision(grid, current_shape, current_pos):
                    current_pos[0] -= 1
            elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                current_pos[1] += 1
                if check_collision(grid, current_shape, current_pos):
                    current_pos[1] -= 1
            elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                current_shape = rotate_shape(current_shape)
                if check_collision(grid, current_shape, current_pos):
                    current_shape = rotate_shape(rotate_shape(rotate_shape(current_shape)))
    # 绘制方块
    for y, row in enumerate(current_shape):
        for x, cell in enumerate(row):
            if cell:
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, COLORS[current_color - 1], ((current_pos[0] + x) * GRID_SIZE, (current_pos[1] + y) * GRID_SIZE, GRID_SIZE, GRID_SIZE))
    draw_grid(screen, grid)
    pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()