百分制成绩用python如何写

在Python中实现百分制成绩管理系统的方法有很多种，其中包括利用列表、字典和类等数据结构来存储和处理学生成绩数据、使用函数进行计算和分析、以及通过文件操作保存和读取数据。具体实现可以根据需求的不同进行调整。以下是一个详细的方法，展示了如何使用Python来管理和计算百分制成绩。

一、使用列表和字典存储成绩

为了有效地存储学生的成绩信息，我们可以使用Python的列表和字典结构。列表可以用来存储多个学生的信息，而字典可以存储单个学生的详细成绩和其他相关信息。

示例代码：

students = [
    {"name": "Alice", "scores": {"math": 85, "science": 90, "english": 78}},
    {"name": "Bob", "scores": {"math": 92, "science": 88, "english": 95}},
    {"name": "Charlie", "scores": {"math": 75, "science": 85, "english": 82}},
]

二、计算每个学生的总成绩和平均成绩

要计算每个学生的总成绩和平均成绩，我们可以写一个函数，该函数接受一个学生的字典作为参数，并返回总成绩和平均成绩。

示例代码：

def calculate_scores(student):
    total_score = sum(student["scores"].values())
    average_score = total_score / len(student["scores"])
    return total_score, average_score
for student in students:
    total, average = calculate_scores(student)
    print(f"Student: {student['name']}, Total: {total}, Average: {average:.2f}")

三、查找最高和最低成绩

为了找出学生中成绩最高和最低的，可以遍历所有学生的成绩，并进行比较。

示例代码：

def find_highest_lowest(students):
    highest = max(students, key=lambda x: sum(x["scores"].values()))
    lowest = min(students, key=lambda x: sum(x["scores"].values()))
    return highest, lowest
highest_student, lowest_student = find_highest_lowest(students)
print(f"Highest: {highest_student['name']}, Total Score: {sum(highest_student['scores'].values())}")
print(f"Lowest: {lowest_student['name']}, Total Score: {sum(lowest_student['scores'].values())}")

四、按成绩排序

为了按总成绩对学生进行排序，可以使用Python的内置sorted函数。

示例代码：

sorted_students = sorted(students, key=lambda x: sum(x["scores"].values()), reverse=True)
print("Students sorted by total score:")
for student in sorted_students:
    print(f"Student: {student['name']}, Total Score: {sum(student['scores'].values())}")

五、保存和读取学生成绩数据

为了持久化存储学生成绩数据，可以使用文件操作，将数据保存到文件中，或从文件中读取数据。

保存数据示例代码：

import json
def save_data(students, filename="students.json"):
    with open(filename, "w") as file:
        json.dump(students, file)
save_data(students)

读取数据示例代码：

def load_data(filename="students.json"):
    with open(filename, "r") as file:
        return json.load(file)
students = load_data()

六、用户交互和输入

为了让系统更加实用，可以加入用户交互功能，允许用户输入学生成绩数据，并进行相应的计算和分析。

示例代码：

def add_student():
    name = input("Enter student's name: ")
    scores = {}
    while True:
        subject = input("Enter subject (or 'done' to finish): ")
        if subject.lower() == 'done':
            break
        score = int(input(f"Enter score for {subject}: "))
        scores[subject] = score
    return {"name": name, "scores": scores}
students.append(add_student())
save_data(students)
Recalculate and display scores
for student in students:
    total, average = calculate_scores(student)
    print(f"Student: {student['name']}, Total: {total}, Average: {average:.2f}")

七、综合示例

将以上所有功能综合在一起，构建一个简单的成绩管理系统。

综合示例代码：

import json
def calculate_scores(student):
    total_score = sum(student["scores"].values())
    average_score = total_score / len(student["scores"])
    return total_score, average_score
def find_highest_lowest(students):
    highest = max(students, key=lambda x: sum(x["scores"].values()))
    lowest = min(students, key=lambda x: sum(x["scores"].values()))
    return highest, lowest
def save_data(students, filename="students.json"):
    with open(filename, "w") as file:
        json.dump(students, file)
def load_data(filename="students.json"):
    try:
        with open(filename, "r") as file:
            return json.load(file)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        return []
def add_student():
    name = input("Enter student's name: ")
    scores = {}
    while True:
        subject = input("Enter subject (or 'done' to finish): ")
        if subject.lower() == 'done':
            break
        score = int(input(f"Enter score for {subject}: "))
        scores[subject] = score
    return {"name": name, "scores": scores}
def main():
    students = load_data()
    while True:
        action = input("Choose an action: [add, view, highest, lowest, sort, save, quit]: ").lower()
        if action == 'add':
            students.append(add_student())
        elif action == 'view':
            for student in students:
                total, average = calculate_scores(student)
                print(f"Student: {student['name']}, Total: {total}, Average: {average:.2f}")
        elif action == 'highest':
            highest_student, _ = find_highest_lowest(students)
            print(f"Highest: {highest_student['name']}, Total Score: {sum(highest_student['scores'].values())}")
        elif action == 'lowest':
            _, lowest_student = find_highest_lowest(students)
            print(f"Lowest: {lowest_student['name']}, Total Score: {sum(lowest_student['scores'].values())}")
        elif action == 'sort':
            sorted_students = sorted(students, key=lambda x: sum(x["scores"].values()), reverse=True)
            print("Students sorted by total score:")
            for student in sorted_students:
                print(f"Student: {student['name']}, Total Score: {sum(student['scores'].values())}")
        elif action == 'save':
            save_data(students)
        elif action == 'quit':
            save_data(students)
            break
        else:
            print("Invalid action. Please try again.")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()